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Deep Mind is currently working on a teaching tool based on AlphaGo.5.5-0.Nowadays, no top player in the world, barring a handful, would venture to play a chess tournament without a laptop connected to a cloud engine to assist in preparation. After two moves by white and black, it increases to 72,084 possible positions. It basically created knowledge on its own just from the basic principles by repeatedly playing against itself.Personally, the biggest takeaway for me from the 10 games published by the Deep Mind team is that the AI machine plays for initiative right from the word go, does not shy away from sacrificing material in the opening stage itself and plays for long-term compensation which culminates in complete domination of opponent pieces, ending with a zugzwang like position.5-3. And, he lost to computer programme Genius in 1994 in a two-game match with rapid time control.Current world champion Magnus Carlsen also had a similar impact on the human approach to the game when he tried to go into equal positions, away from tonnes of main line opening theory, and relied more on outplaying the humans in a long game. Google’s Deep Mind, founded by Demis Hassabis, created AlphaGo which learnt Go, a Chinese board game, and won a match against top Go player Lee Se-dol in 2016.5 margin and restored some pride for Homo sapiens against the machines.From then on, the progress has been nothing short of spectacular for the machines. How a machine learns using deep learning will be a mine of information for all concerned. Kasparov was again involved in a major match with the machine in 2003 which also ended in a 3-3 draw. He runs Chess Gurukul in Chennai). In the meantime, another Russian Anatoly Karpov had managed to defeat Fritz in a mini match the same year. By 2009, software Pocket Fritz, running on a mobile phone, won a GM tournament with a superhuman 2898 rating performance. Till now, the man versus machine has been more productive for pure hardware power than human brain.In 1998, Indian Grandmaster Viswanathan Anand defeated computer programme Rebel in a classical time control by 1.When IBM supercomputer Deep Blue defeated the then world chess champion Garry Kasparov in a six-game match in May 1997, it was very clear to the chess world that machines had finally arrived and could outperform humans at least in the most cerebral of sports.Consider the following: Just after one move by white and black, there are 400 different positions possible.In the return match between Deep Blue versus Kasparov, the machine defeated the man 4. After move three, it jumps to 9 plus million positions and after move four it is, hold your breath, 288+ billion possible positions in High speed electromagnet holder chess!A little bit on the history of the man versus machine battle will be a useful primer on the subject.

The next big leap is Artificial Intelligence and last year was a breakthrough for the new kid on the block..But things took another major turn with chess software making major advancements in this period. AlphaGo Zero’s lead programmer David Silver explained that it learnt chess by playing against itself without the knowledge of human games played over the years.In 2017, AlphaGo Zero learnt chess in four hours and defeated the world’s best chess software, Stockfish 8, in a 100-game match convincingly.I believe AlphaGo Zero will have a similar impact on how humans approach the game of chess from here onwards. This prompted Kasparov to observe that "in certain kinds of positions, the computer sees so deeply that it plays like God". In 2017 it defeated the world’s best Go player KeJie. But the hardware used in this match was not in the league of Deep Blue.From the time the supercomputer beat the human in chess, to the present-day Artificial Intelligence, the progress has been nothing short of spectacular for the machines.Kasparov took his revenge in 1995 when he beat both Genius and Fritz 4 in two-game matches.(The author is Grandmaster; a former British Open and Commonwealth champion. In 2005, GM Michael Adams lost spectacularly to Hydra by a big margin of five points. In the same year, machines defeated top humans by 8-4. In 1996, Kasparov defeated Deep Blue by a margin of 4-2.In the next major non-Kasparov versus machine match of the twentieth century, the then world champion Vladimir Kramnik drew Fritz 4-4. Kasparov had played many mini matches with machines in early to mid-Nineties

Here’s an extract from one of the more discerning:"Sir James Dyson’s sojourn on a trade delegation to India from the UK is the harbinger of the entry of the country into the robotic future of the globalised world. At first, in the 19th century, their business consisted of tying stiff sticks into bunches and sending them from their farm in Gujarat to Bombay and other cities where these stiff brooms would be used to sweep wet and dry outdoor floors.Her delegation included Sir James Dyson and that simple but significant inclusion is what set our Jehangir Jhadoowalla off on, at first, a protest mission. He claims in his diaries, perhaps boastfully and wrongly, that he then proceeded to invent the soft-feather jhadoo and its jute-string-bundled handle, which would be the ideal instrument to sweep up dust from interior tiled floors. Simple and ecologically sound, it has saved several of my designer outfits. He had the journalists whom he regularly pays write articles in the international press saying Sir James’ visit raised questions. Maybe Sir James will make his machines in Gujarat!Take the case of Panasonic who, I believe have invented a washing machine aimed specifically at the subcontinental market that removes curry stains from clothes.By the time JJ and his two boys Pinky and Slinky took over the firm, the Jhadoowalla empire had moved into a hundred varieties of brushes for all surfaces — hard ones, soft ones, big ones for factory floors, small ones for shaving gentlemen’s faces, severe ones for carpets, spiky ones to brush pet dogs and cats, tiny, fine ones for painting with water colours or on canvas and any other brush-related activity. Now in any store that sells electrically-operated machines one may find 20 or more models of Dyson vacuum cleaners, some without cords to electrical sockets, operated wirelessly — and High speed take-up cam Company other wonders of the modern world.Sir James was knighted for his ingenuity and, one has to say, for his philanthropy as he donated money to good and charitable works such as buildings for art and design colleges. It works.The only drawback is that England doesn’t have much sunshine, so maybe Panasonic should target the curry-loving market of Britain!. Edgar Hoover, is still in use in many households and Edgar’s surname has indeed replaced ‘vacuum cleaner’ as the common noun for the machine…"The quote above poses the central question. Again I don’t know how popular this will be.Now gentle reader, you might ask what this illustrious history has to do with Sir James accompanying Ms May on her diplomatic mission to India. The model invented by the late head of the US’ FBI, J. Is the country ready to evolve or transform these castes to Dysonians?Or is there going to be mass unemployment when Sir James and Ms May have their way and flood the market with cheap vacuum cleaners made in factories in Oldham? And what about the question of the diversion of electricity into these machines? Will it, as JJ pointed out in his emails, not contribute to global warming?To tell the truth, I am in two minds about JJ’s case and protests.

The clunky desktop machines, which used to come out in a standard metallic grey colour from the house of Godrej, had also become a symbol of an India in days when import substitution was the buzzword and the imported brands had to go. In the same manner, the typewriter had also become such an instrument of official power, with its user representing a bulwark between the citizen and the government, its imagery as powerful as that of the red and green tapes on the ubiquitous official file.There is such a deep association between the visual and the mechanical that it may take generations to unlearn this even if devices evolve someday to take in the alphabets in the more natural ‘ABCDE’ order. Sholes and Carlos Glidden developed the machine with a keyboard, platen and wooden space bar1876 Mark Twain wrote the first ever book written with a typewriter, but there is a dispute — is it The Adventures of Tom Sawyer or Life on the Mississippi1902 First electric typewriter was made by George Blickensderfer1937 Rajagopalachari (Rajaji) founded the Stenographers Guild1990s Indian firm Godrej & Boyce became the world’s largest producer of manual typewriters2011 Godrej stopped making themGANDHI’S DILEMMATechnology posed a dilemma for MK Gandhi.

If nostalgia were to grip you, the best place to whet it would be to read the coffee table tome that Godrej brought out — ‘With Great Truth And Regard: The Story Of The Typewriter In India’ — containing delightful tales about typewriters including one about how a crime was solved on the basis of a peculiar broken head of a letter in one machine offering a forensic breakthrough. Even so, its image conjures up visions of the elegance of an era gone by when its utility was an inexorable fact of Presser foot pin life and its presence in offices a symbol of empowerment and at home a flair for writing. Senior journos reaching the age when the teeth start falling off were cruelly likened to Flying Fish by the mischievous media mob, but it just went to show how much a typewriter had become a part of our lives when globetrotting with Team India on the cricket circuit. Portable No. That reminds me of the time I forgot to pick up my portable from the back of a taxi in Barbados and went through hell for three days until I met the coroner of the island, a doctor from Andhra, who had a strong word with the cops. He needed the utility of the typewriter in South Africa, but once wrote - "I too detest the typewriter.61625. The ‘asdfgf’ and ‘;lkjhj’ sequences learners pounded away in typewriter institutes may be a distant memory these days but neuroscientists are convinced that once you are accustomed to using such movement sequences you cannot unlearn them, however arbitrary the sequences may have been. Christopher L. I am exceedingly glad to say the machine is working to my entire satisfaction". When Remington adopted the quirky ‘qwerty’ back in 1873, it was said to have been designed to slow the user down as too quick use of the keys on mechanical typewriters would lead to jamming.. And remember you could never release them without getting smelly and smudgy ink on the fingers.Recently, The Guardian revealed that the accomplished actor, Tom Hanks, who loves the machines so much he has over a hundred in his vintage collection, is writing a book of short stories, all reflecting his love of typewriters. It didn’t take China long to try and copy the looks and out came the Flying Fish, half the price and almost as fancy and colourful, except that the plastic keys sometimes tended to come off the metal pointers.It was, however, the portable typewriter that was the liberating influence in the life of writers and journalists, of course. In turn, the police, always best friends with the coroner for forensic reasons, put the heat on the taxi ranks and one fine evening the reception at the resort had my favourite red typewriter back for me, delivered by the anonymous taxi driver I didn’t get to meet even to offer him the price of a drink at the pub for returning a precious machine. I have a horror if it, but I survive it as I survive many things which do no lasting harm".But then he does write to Remington in 1928 — "Rem. They came in various sizes and shapes and were best bought abroad where the designer Olivetti was all the rage, its colours and contours so different from the utilitarian Remingtons and Underwoods.Typing right1714 First patented writing machine was made in England but never built1870 First manufactured typewriter was the invention of Malling Hansen1874 E. Typewriters are virtually history now but they have left behind a legacy the world will take eons to shake off — the ‘qwerty’ keyboard. The ‘qwerty’ is here to stay regardless of how fancy or powerful may be the computers and devices we use nowadays with even the condensed virtual keyboards on the mobile phones presenting the 26 English alphabets in the same quirky order. Remington & Sons purchased rights.The typewriter is a fossil of the digital age

Most credit card or ATM companies have a customer service number that will give you the recorded phone option to "report a lost or stolen card". Don't forget it!! Always store your card in the same place in your purse or wallet."An ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure" - wise words! Make it a habit to always check that you have your credit or ATM card after making a transaction. If you can't locate your card within an hour, or you can't remember when you last used it, you must contact the corresponding card companies immediately. However, if you wait more than two days to make the report, your liability goes up to 500. Remember this also when your card is being used with an ATM machine or buying gas with a card. Most companies offer free protection; others require a small annual amount to provide you this service. You will need to cancel your account and set up a new account once you report your card as missing or stolen. We hope these helpful, common sense tips assist you in guarding the security of your credit and ATM cards.. Highlight the policies, notification phone number, and reporting procedures for each or your cards and file away so it is easy to find when you are in a panic because of a missing credit or ATM card. At this point, you go back to your highlighted policies and procedures. There is nothing worse than confronting this situation and not having access China Presser foot pin Wholesale to the contact numbers. When traveling, keep a list in your blackberry or pocket calendar of the telephone numbers to call for each credit or ATM card you may be carrying. Another preventive step you can take is to be familiar with the policies of all your credit card and ATM card companies' rules about your liability for lost or stolen cards. Even if you feel rushed by someone behind you in line, step aside and make sure you have your credit or ATM card, your receipt, and all of your purchases. Most stores will keep any cards left behind, so either call or go back to enquire. When you notice your card is missing, try to remember where you last used it. This choice on a phone menu will usually connect you with a real person. OK, so it still happens to all of us. Per law, the credit or ATM card company may not charge you more than 50 for any fraudulent use of your card after it has been reported as lost of stolen

THE PROBLEM, OR THE CURE?Other companies are forging ahead, underscoring the eagerness of employers to harness AI for hiring. The algorithms learned to assign little significance to skills that were common across IT applicants, such as the ability to write various computer codes, the people said. And Amazon’s Human Resources department was about to embark on a hiring spree: Since June 2015, the company’s global headcount has more than tripled to 575,700 workers, regulatory filings show. The American Civil Liberties Union is currently challenging a law that allows criminal prosecution of researchers and journalists who test hiring websites’ algorithms for discrimination.Instead, the technology favoured candidates who described themselves using verbs more commonly found on male engineers’ resumes, such as "executed" and "captured," one person said.The Seattle company ultimately disbanded the team by the start of last year because executives lost hope for the project, according to the people, who spoke on condition of anonymity. "The technology is just not ready yet.Automation has been key to Amazon’s e-commerce dominance, be it inside warehouses or driving pricing decisions. Their goal was to develop AI that could rapidly crawl the web and spot candidates worth recruiting, the people familiar with the matter said. Problems with the data that underpinned the models’ judgments meant that unqualified candidates were often recommended for all manner of jobs, the people said." The company did not elaborate further.Goldman Sachs has created its own resume analysis tool that tries to match candidates with the division where they would be the "best fit," the company said. But that was no guarantee that the machines would not devise other ways of sorting candidates that could prove discriminatory, the people said.As for Amazon, the company managed to salvage some of what it learned from its failed AI experiment.Still, Goodman and other critics of AI acknowledged it could be exceedingly difficult to sue an employer over automated hiring: Job candidates might never know it was being used."You weren’t going back to the same old places; you weren’t going back to just Ivy League schools," Parker said."I certainly would not trust any AI system today to make a hiring decision on its own," he said. His firm analyzes candidates’ speech and facial expressions in video interviews to reduce reliance on resumes. It did not dispute that recruiters looked at the recommendations High speed cam seat Company generated by the recruiting engine.So it set up a team in Amazon’s Edinburgh engineering hub that grew to around a dozen people. Still, John Jersin, vice president of LinkedIn Talent Solutions, said the service is not a replacement for traditional recruiters."Some activists say they are concerned about transparency in AI. That is because Amazon’s computer models were trained to vet applicants by observing patterns in resumes submitted to the company over a 10-year period. But computer scientists such as Nihar Shah, who teaches machine learning at Carnegie Mellon University, say there is still much work to do.. The company’s experimental hiring tool used artificial intelligence to give job candidates scores ranging from one to five stars - much like shoppers rate products on Amazon, some of the people said.

All jobs that don’t require exceptional thought processes and those that could be accomplished by analysing data with a simple algorithm could be replaced.He said replacement of humans by machines has been a constant process. Instead of 10 people, what if we have three people to work on it? If we don’t have the software, then some others will take advantage..Another issue that stems out of this is how Indian exporters retain their customers, as their competitors from developed countries, with access of cheaper credit and automation, bring down prices. We need to shift our education system from rote- and knowledge-based system to the one which allows students to come up solutions for problems," said Mr Neeraj Jawalkar, the founder of Sugar Math.4 lakh people in the Indian IT sector would lose their jobs by 2021. Similarly, automation can write codes that software engineers do, putting their jobs at risk. The Oxford Martin Programme on the Impacts of Future Technology listed out 100 jobs which at great risk of being replaced by technology.Low-cost products manufactured by companies in developed countries could also threaten Indian companies, if the country has free trade agreement with them. Researcher Jeff Nesbit, a former director of the US-based National Science Foundation, believes our extinction would be triggered by our own creation: artificial intelligence.These include doctors, dentists, nurses, biochemists, biophysicists, engineers, except those relating software, jobs related to religion, mental health, and psychology, artists, architects, interior designers, directors, photographers, physical therapists, fashion designers, teachers, scientists, creative writers, public relations practitioners, computer research scientists, computer systems analysts, first-line supervisors, mechanics, fund-raisers, social workers, sales agents, and recreation therapists."True to his words, several major IT companies have either trimmed their hiring or sacked employees.While all companies may not shift to automation immediately, exporters and companies, exposed to foreign competition in India would have to introduce automation and robotics to stay competitive in the global market.With exports contributing 20 to 25 per cent of India’s economy, automation and robotics would slow down job creation in a big chunk of business activity. Wipro has moved some 4,500 engineers into different projects in one year, while automation could hit 14,000 employees at IBM. Though credit analysts require deeper analysis to take a decision on granting a loan to an applicant, algorithms can be trained to analyse data from sources like bank statements and credit reports to analyse creditworthiness The jobs which are unlikely to High speed machine parts be replaced are the ones which require deeper analysis and creative work. "Labour costs in India are still much lower than the capital cost of introducing automation and robotics, unlike in the US where the costs are more or less at par.The immediate solution to this problem, according to Microsoft co-founder and world’s richest person Bill Gates, is robots tax.All these jobs involve routine work. Old jobs will be replaced by new jobs. He proposes that governments should tax companies that use robots to at least temporarily slow the spread of automation and to fund other types of employment.Some of those jobs include telemarketers, insurance underwriters, cargo and freight agents, photographic process workers and processing machine operators, brokerage clerks, packaging and filling machine operators and tenders, fitters, assembling staff, milling and planning machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic, credit analysts, accountants, telephone operators, real estate brokers, cashiers, farm labour contractors, paralegals and legal assistants.Slower job creation could affect political fortunes of the ruling parties in the country as it has done elsewhere. It could lead to an unequal society, with the lowest strata earning dismally low incomes and the top rung getting obscenely high salaries or larger share of profits.With automation and robotics affecting mostly low-end process-driven jobs, the most affected would be the less educated low-skilled labour, who are already economically vulnerable. Job creation has been one of crucial electoral planks of most parties, as they seek to project themselves as development-focused entities.Come 2050, a researcher predicts, the human race would cease to exist. We need to be prepared to equip ourselves to garner those new job opportunities," said Mr Jawalkar, who designed an app that uses research in neuroscience of learning to develop critical thinking skills among students. While Mr Trump focused on jobs shipped to China and India, he avoided speaking about job losses caused by modern technology..While governments or political parties can do little to speed up job creation, ruling parties could change the job-seeking mindset of people and encourage them to move towards entrepreneurship, after providing them a social security net.As labour cost in India is still low, Mr Ajay Kolla, founder & CEO, Wisdom Jobs, claims that the threat is exaggerated. This proposal, while it sounds good for high population countries like India, won’t please business owners and developed countries with low population growth.This scenario, experts believe, requires urgent attention of the government to make Indian exporters competition-ready before automation hits exports. In a country with the second largest population, fewer jobs would have several socio-economic and political implications. That said, industries that are technology-focused such as IT and BFSI (banking, financial services and insurance), have been early movers, and are in the process of piloting hybrid models," he said.Change education; don’t roll out clerksIf India wants to be prepared for the changing job market due to automation and robotics, it needs to revamp the education system, which is known to have been designed by the British to churn out clerks for the Raj, and which produces computer coders for the US now"For 150 years, we have been following an education system which is suited for low-level jobs. Thirty per cent of such jobs may be lost to automation. It is not because of a nuclear holocaust or due to an extraterrestrial body hitting the earth. Over a period of time, there is a possibility of a drone dropping by the destination to deliver the package.Wider use of robotics and automation would result in lower revenue for the government as workers, whom robots or automation replace, would have paid income-tax, consumption tax and added to the size of the domestic market by their purchases. In 2016, Infosys "released" — a synonym in IT circles for sacking — 9,000 employees. Imagine a scenario where an e-commerce company needs to deliver the purchase.A statement made by Infosys CEO Vishal Sikka sums it up: "We have to eliminate our own work to automation, improve productivity, deploy the improved productivity to innovation.

With most countries under the World Trade Organisation, companies in the rich countries could swamp poor countries with their products, killing local industry and rendering their employees jobless. Agricultural activity has already started shifting to mechanisation due to higher rural wages, leading to the creation of new service of renting out and maintaining agricultural equipment to those who can’t afford to own them. If you look at the 3.A faster pace of job creation was one of key promises made by Prime Minister Narendra Modi during the 2014 Lok Sabha election campaign.Several automakers have to shifted some of their processes to automation and robotics. While both the scenarios appear to be taken from science fiction, it is a fact that we are staring at a human crisis caused by automation and robotics, which are the result of machine intelligence..A study by Oxford University suggested that 100 professions or occupations are at risk of being eliminated by automation in the future. "Earlier people used to weave fabric by hand and now machines have replaced them.Exports may take a big hitOne of India’s biggest assets is always considered to be its demographics — especially its employable youth — as the rest of the world, including China, ages.5 million people in our industry, the only thing that I see in the future is automation. The deciding factor for the survival of a job would be labour cost and requirement of precision. Instead of weaving fabric, people are now operating the machines. "A robot tax could finance jobs taking care of elderly or working with kids in schools," Mr Gates has said. Therefore automation across the board is still a long way off in India.He claims that the human race would either cease to exist by 2050 — or become immortal.While the threat to IT jobs may not be immediate, you cannot consider your job safe as yet. No matter how well designed artificial intelligence could be, it cannot match human brain in dealing with critical issues. But automation and robotics could dent the country’s advantage and affect its Make-In-India programme, which seeks to attract foreign companies through its low labour cost, talent pool and huge domestic market. There were protests in India when computers were introduced in the 1980s as typists and others feared that they would be replaced by smart machines. People whose jobs require them to come up with solutions on a case- by-case basis can rest assured that their jobs will not be replaced. High-skilled jobs which require creative problem solving, analytics and critical thinking will increase by 56 per cent. The number of medium-skilled jobs that require some amount of human judgement in processing and dealing with more challenging problems will increase by eight per cent.Blue collar jobs and simple office jobs are under greater threat, which could leave crores of people jobless.Low-skilled jobs, which involve following set processes and are repetitive, face the biggest threat.Politicians take note: job promise not easyWhile the extinction of jobs may happen slowly in India, the immediate threat would be slower job creation.According to a report by HfS, a global analyst, 6. It doesn’t train and enable students to solve critical problems. Now, automation would bring a tsunami of change that could sweep off many jobs," said an HR head of a telecom company. Right now, the courier partner of the e-commerce company delivers the purchase at the address."We are on the cusp of a technological revolution. One of the reasons for the victory of Mr Donald Trump in the US Presidential elections was job losses caused by automation and robotics. This has rendered the unskilled or low-skilled workers jobless.Its impact is already being seen in the Indian IT industry — the first sector in the country to witness its effect, as Indian companies compete directly with major US companies